When he sold the collection at the bargain price of $10,000 to the New York Public Library System in 1926 it more than doubled the library’s Black history collection. Schomburg was Black and Puerto-Rican, worked in the Cuban and Puerto Rican independence movements and while working as a messenger for the Bankers Trust Company spent his free time amassing one of the best collections of Black writings and history anywhere in the world. 125th St (corner of Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. Powell in front of the Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. In 1960 the building housed a Woolworth Five and Dime Store which was picketed in solidarity with Congress of Racial Equality activists organizing sit-ins at racist Woolworth Stores in North Carolina. It raged against discrimination in Harlem and denounced Adolf Hitler overseas. He edited “The People’s Voice” newspaper from the second floor of 208 W. In Congress he would constantly attach riders to spending bills banning discrimination in federal housing or whatever category the appropriation was for. Powell integrated many businesses in Harlem, including forcing the transit agency to hire 200 Black busdrivers in 1941. Arising from the pulpit of his father’s popular church (Abyssinian Baptist Church at 132 West 138 St.) to the City Council and then to the U.S. (1908 – 1972) – Reverend Powell was one of the most significant figures ever to live and work in Harlem. Arturo Schomburg, for whom Harlem’s research library is named, was active in this campaign though he felt the final settlement with Blumstein’s didn’t go far enough. Thousands marched in a parade throughout Harlem after the agreement was signed. This was part of a series of picket lines in the heart of Harlem with the theme: “Don’t Buy Where You Can’t Work.” The boycott was a success and Blumstein’s hired 35 saleswomen in August 1934. An 8-week boycott of the store ensued, led by local leaders and churches under the banner of the Citizen’s League for Fair Play. Blumstein’s was here for over 70 years but owner William Blumstein wouldn’t hire Blacks above the most menial jobs in the store. Store (230 – 238 West 125th St.) in 1958 when a deranged woman stabbed him in the chest. (1929 – 1968) – Reverend King was hosting a book signing at Blumstein’s Dept. building also housed Marcus Garvey’s Universal Negro Improvement Association’s office and printing press in the late 1910’s. It had offices in the late 1910’s at 2305 7th Ave. Randolph co-founded the political/artistic magazine “The Messenger” in 1917, which published many of the stars of the Harlem Renaissance, including Wallace Thurman, Countee Cullen, Langston Hughes and Claude McKay. It took 12 years to get a contract and become the first major Black union in the country (AFL) in 1937. Most Black newspapers and churches supported the Pullman Company because of the ad revenue they received from it. The porters were terribly exploited and hundreds of porters would eventually be fired for joining the union. (just east of 7th Ave.) he founded the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters in 1925. Randolph was an editor, union organizer and Socialist Party candidate for office. Philip Randolph (1911 – 1979) – A man of many talents, Mr. He is buried in Ferncliff Cemetery in Hartsdale, N.Y.Ī. Malcolm X was assassinated at the Audubon Ballroom (3940 Broadway at 165th St. One week after his death, Malcolm X’s Muhammad’s Temple of Islam #7 (corner of 116th Street and Malcolm X Blvd.) was blown up. and 126th St.) and 22,000 people filed past his coffin. After Malcolm X’s assassination in 1965 he lay in state at the then-named Unity Funeral Home (2352 Frederick Douglass Blvd. In 1960 Fidel Castro stayed at the hotel while speaking at the United Nations and met with Malcolm X briefly here as well. When he was assassinated by the Nation of Islam many mourners crowded the sidewalks in front of the hotel upon hearing the news. at 125th St.) Malcolm X set up the Organization of Afro-American Unity on the second floor after leaving the Nation of Islam. At the old Hotel Theresa building (2090 Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. He also stayed there briefly when he moved to Harlem. 135th St) around the corner during trips to N.Y. Before moving permanently to Harlem, Malcolm X would often stay at the YMCA building (180 W. It would be revived by Wilt Chamberlain in the 1960’s. He worked at Small’s Paradise (2294 7th Avenue at 135th St.), a local nightclub owned by Ed Small. Malcolm X (1925 – 1965) – Malcolm X first lived in New York City in 1942 at the age of 17. A list of Black and Puerto Rican history sites in New York City:
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